Before Ian McHarg, urban planning often treated land as a blank canvas. Developers routinely flattened hills, buried streams, and cleared forests with little regard for the local ecosystem. McHarg, a Scottish landscape architect and professor at the University of Pennsylvania, vehemently opposed this destructive approach. He viewed the Earth as a living, interconnected organism and argued that human survival depended on a symbiotic relationship with our environment. The Ecological Inventory

filetype:pdf "Ian McHarg" "Design with Nature" (Note: You are more likely to find the English original. For the Spanish version, search: filetype:pdf "Proyectar con la Naturaleza" Ian McHarg )

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Su experiencia en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, luchando en el ejército británico, fue un punto de inflexión. Tras la guerra, completó su formación en la Universidad de Harvard, donde obtuvo maestrías en arquitectura paisajística y planificación urbana, convenciéndose de que la arquitectura moderna debía ser una cruzada para salvar el mundo. Tras unos años reconstruyendo Gran Bretaña, en 1954 se trasladó a Filadelfia para fundar el departamento de arquitectura paisajística de la Universidad de Pensilvania, un puesto desde el que revolucionaría la enseñanza y la práctica profesional.

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Aprende a realizar inventarios de la ecología de un territorio.

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At the heart of McHarg's approach was what became known as the or suitability analysis. This method involved mapping a series of natural layers—including geology, hydrology, soils, vegetation, climate, and wildlife—as transparent overlays. By superimposing these layers, planners could visually identify which areas were most suitable for development, conservation, or agriculture. Crucially, this methodology, developed with his students at the University of Pennsylvania, predated the invention of modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by over a decade, making McHarg a true pioneer of spatial data analysis.