Chemistry Notes Ssc _hot_ Jun 2026

| Common Name | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula | Key Uses | |---|---|---|---| | Baking Soda | Sodium Bicarbonate | NaHCO₃ | Cooking, antacid, fire extinguisher | | Washing Soda | Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate | Na₂CO₃·10H₂O | Cleaning agent, water softener | | Common Salt | Sodium Chloride | NaCl | Food flavoring, preservative | | Bleaching Powder | Calcium Oxychloride | CaOCl₂ | Disinfectant, bleaching agent in textiles | | Caustic Soda | Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH | Soap and detergent manufacturing, drain cleaner | | Caustic Potash | Potassium Hydroxide | KOH | Soap manufacturing, battery electrolyte | | Plaster of Paris | Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate | CaSO₄·½H₂O | Construction, casting molds, setting fractures | | Quicklime | Calcium Oxide | CaO | Cement and steel manufacturing, water treatment | | Slaked Lime | Calcium Hydroxide | Ca(OH)₂ | Whitewashing, neutralizing acidic soil | | Vinegar | Acetic Acid | CH₃COOH | Cooking, cleaning agent | | Laughing Gas | Nitrous Oxide | N₂O | Anesthetic in medical procedures | | Dry Ice | Solid Carbon Dioxide | CO₂ (solid) | Cooling agent, special effects | | Marsh Gas | Methane | CH₄ | Fuel, main component of natural gas | | Sand | Silicon Dioxide | SiO₂ | Construction material, glass manufacturing | | Marble/Chalk | Calcium Carbonate | CaCO₃ | Building material, antacid |

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) is the only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature. (an allotrope of carbon) is an exception that conducts electricity. Important Ores of Metals Iron: Hematite, Magnetite, Siderite Aluminum: Bauxite, Cryolite Copper: Copper Pyrites, Malachite Mercury: Cinnabar ( Lead: Galena ( Zinc: Zinc Blende ( ), Calamine Important Alloys and Their Composition Brass: Copper ( ) + Zinc ( Bronze: Copper ( Stainless Steel: Iron ( ) + Chromium ( ) + Nickel ( ) + Carbon ( Solder: Lead ( German Silver: Copper ( ) + Zinc ( ) + Nickel ( ) (Note: It contains 0% silver!) 6. Carbon and Its Compounds

: Physical changes are reversible and do not form new substances, whereas chemical changes are irreversible and result in new substances. | Common Name | Chemical Name | Chemical

Hardest natural substance known. Three-dimensional tetrahedral structure. Bad conductor of electricity.

) — used for welding electrical wires due to low melting point. Iron ( ) + Chromium ( ) + Nickel ( ) + Carbon ( ) — Chromium prevents rusting. German Silver: Copper ( ) + Zinc ( ) + Nickel ( ) — Contains 0% Silver. Amalgam: Any alloy containing Mercury ( 8. Chemistry in Everyday Life (an allotrope of carbon) is an exception that

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